Horumarinta joogtada ah ee warshadaha rinjiga, hagaajinta waxqabadka dahaarka ayaa had iyo jeer ahayd ujeeddada ugu muhiimsan, iyadoo waxyaabaha lagu daro shamaca ay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan qayb muhiim ah. Hal-abuurkooda iyo codsigoodu waxay saameyn qoto dheer ku leeyihiin tayada dahaarka. Laga bilaabo shamaca dabiiciga ah ee hore ilaa shamaca macmal ah ee molecular-ka hooseeya, iyo hadda ilaa shamaca macmal ah ee molecular-ka sareeya ee wax laga beddelay, horumarka shamaca wuxuu ka tarjumayaa horumarka tignoolajiyada dahaarka. Maqaalkani wuxuu diiradda saarayaa adeegsiga cusub ee shamaca macmal ah ee budada macmal ah ee wax laga beddelay molecular-ka sare ee dahaarka, isagoo eegaya faa'iidooyinkiisa waxqabad, hababka xulashada, iyo xaaladaha codsiga caadiga ah. Waxay higsaneysaa inay bixiso tixraacyo dhammaystiran oo wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay xirfadlayaasha warshadaha, iyadoo ka caawineysa alaabada dahaarka inay gaaraan horumarro ku saabsan iska caabbinta xoqidda, iska caabbinta xirashada, iska caabbinta heerkulka, iyo iska caabbinta cimilada, taasoo kor u qaadaysa wax soo saarka deegaanka u fiican iyo horumarka tayada sare leh.
① Saddex Caqabadood oo waaweyn oo ku saabsan Wax-soo-saarka Dahaarka Sare:
• Caqabadda Guuldareysiga Heerkulka Sare: Dahaarka baabuurta/qalabka, molecules-ka wax-soo-saarka ayaa jilca heerkulka ka sarreeya 150°C, taasoo horseedaysa koror 50% ah oo ku yimaada luminta xirashada la cabiray iyo cimri dhererka oo yaraada.
• Caqabadda Shaqada Dusha Sare ee Xaddidan: Wax-soo-saarka dhaqameedku isku mar ma xallin karaan iska caabbinta simbiriirixan, iska caabbinta xoqidda, iska caabbinta xirashada, dareenka taabashada, iyo shuruudaha kale ee badan, taasoo xaddidaysa baaxadda codsiga dahaarka.
• Soo jeedinta Mamnuucidda Dhammaystiran ee Midowga Yurub: Waxay daboolaysaa in ka badan 10,000 oo nooc oo PFAS ah (oo ay ku jiraan fluoropolymers, sida kuwa loo isticmaalo dahaarka biyaha celiya).
2025: Qabyo-qoraalka soo jeedinta iyo baaqa jawaab celinta.
2026-2027: Waxaa la filayaa in si buuxda loo dhaqangeliyo.
② Horumarinta Waxqabadka Afar-Cabbireed ee Wax-soo-saarka Synthetic-ga Sare ee Molecular-ka:
• Iska caabinta Xidhitaanka/Xoqidda: Shamaca wax laga beddelay molecular-ka oo si weyn u xoojiya iska caabbinta xirashada dahaarka, iyadoo heerka hagaajinta uu yahay ilaa 50%, taasoo si wax ku ool ah u kordhinaysa cimriga dahaarka.
• Shaqada Dusha Sare: Waxay awood u siisaa dareenka taabashada gaarka ah, sifooyinka ka hortagga simbiriirixanka, hydrophobicity, iyo oleophobicity, iyo sifooyin kale oo badan, iyadoo 30% horumar laga sameeyay shaqada dusha sare si loo daboolo baahiyaha kala duwan.
• Heerkulka/Isku-adkaysiga Cimilada: Shamaca wax laga beddelay molecular-ka sare wuxuu leeyahay dhibic dhalaalaysa oo ka sarreysa 260°C, taasoo hagaajinaysa heerkulka dahaarka/iska caabbinta cimilada 20%, taasoo hubinaysa in waxqabadka lagu hayo jawi adag.
• Heerkul sare iyo iska caabin dhammaystiran oo xirasho ah ayaa ka dhigaya beddel wax ku ool ah oo loogu talagalay shamaca ku salaysan PTFE.
Sida Loo Xusho WAX Saxda Ah
Barta dhalaalka ee shamaca ayaa go'aamisa deegaankiisa iyo xasilloonida shaqaynta:
| Kala duwanaanshaha Dhalmada | Codsiyada | Badeecadaha Caadiga ah |
| <100℃ | Nadiifinta rinjiga alwaaxadaahan daaweynta heerkulka hooseeya | wax Carnauba ahShamac shinni ah |
| 100–300℃ | Dahaarka guud ee ujeeddada leh | wax PE ah, wax Fischer Tropsch ah, PTFE, wax Polymer ah |
| >300℃ | daahan heerkulka sare | PTFE, wax polymer ah oo wax laga beddelay |
Cabbirka walxaha ee shamaca ayaa si toos ah u saameeya dhalaalka, dareenka, iyo waxqabadka ilaalinta ee dahaarka:
| Cabbirka walxaha (D50) | Saamaynta dahaarka | Codsiyada |
| <1μm | Ku dhawaad wax saameyn ah kuma yeelan dhalaalka, taasoo bixinaysa taabasho jilicsan: | Dahaarka sare ee dhalaalaya, dahaarka alaabta elektarooniga ah |
| 3–7μm | Dhammaystirka yar ee matte-ka ah wuxuu xoojiyaa iska caabbinta xoqidda | Rinjiga alaabta guriga, rinji balaastig ah |
| 8–15μm | Dhammaystir matte ah oo muhiim ah, iska caabin xirasho oo la xoojiyay | Rinjiga matte-ka ah, rinjiga dabaqa |
| >25μm | Samee saameyn qaab-dhismeedka ciidda ah | Rinjiga farshaxanka, rinji saameyn gaar ah leh |
Polarity-gu wuxuu go'aamiyaa iswaafajinta iyo waxqabadka shaqada ee nidaamyada wax iyo resin:
Wax polarity sare leh (sida wax polyolefin ah oo acidified ah, wax polymer ah oo wax laga beddelay): wuxuu leeyahay iswaafajin wanaagsan iyo kala firdhis wanaagsan oo leh resins polar (sida nidaamyada biyaha ku salaysan, epoxy, polyurethane), si buuxda ayuu u hagaajiyaa sifooyinka farsamada ee dahaarka, wuxuu xoojiyaa isku dhejinta iyo tamarta dusha sare;
Wax yar oo polarity ah (sida wax PE, PTFE): wuxuu u guuraa dusha sare ee dahaarka si uu u sameeyo lakab hydrophobic ah, oo leh iska caabin biyo, ka hortag ah dhegdheg, iyo dareen taabashada ah
Noocyo kala duwan oo wax lagu daro ayaa ku habboon hababka wax soo saarka ee kala duwan:
| Foomamka | Habaynta | Faa'iidooyinka | Qasaarooyinka |
| Shamac Micronized ah | Shidaalka Jet-kaQallajinta buufinta | 100% maaddo adag Wax saameyn ah kuma yeelanayso iska caabbinta biyaha | Way adag tahay in la kala firdhiyo |
| Emulsion-ka wax lagu nadiifiyo | Emulsification | Si fudud loo isticmaali karoCabbirka walxaha isku midka ah | Emulsifier-ka ayaa ku jiraWaxay yareyn kartaa iska caabbinta biyaha |
| Slurry wax ah | Shiidi qoyan | Xasillooni wanaagsanSi fudud loo isticmaali karo | Dareeraha ayaa ku jiraVOC Sare |
Codsiyada caadiga ah iyo tixraaca xalka wax lagu daro/wax lagu daro:
| Codsiyada | Shuruudaha aasaasiga ah | Noocyada lagu taliyay | Qiyaasta |
| Dahaarka Gawaarida | Xoq u adkaysta, si siman marka la taabto | wax PE ah, wax Carnauba ah | 0.5-2% |
| Bir daabacan, walxo gariirad ah | U adkaysta xoqidda, isku-dhafka is-xoqidda hooseeya (<0.2) | Wax polymer ahwax PE/PTFE ah | 0.5-1.5% |
| Rinjiga dabaqa | Xiro adkaysi u leh oo u adkaysta nabaad-guurka ciidda | PP, wax polymer ah | 1-3% |
| Dahaarka Warshadaha | Xiro adkaysi u leh oo xoqan u adkaysta | Wax polymer ahwax PE/PTFE ah | 0.8-1.5% |
| Dahaarka budada | Saliidayn, iska caabin xoqid, iyo furfurid | PE, FT, PP, PA, PTFE | Midna ma jiro |
| Khad | Xiro u adkaysta, isku-dhafka is-khilaafka hooseeya | Sida waafaqsan baahiyahaaga | Midna ma jiro |
Shirkaddayadu waxay ku takhasustay bixinta qeexitaanno kala duwan oo ah shamac macmal ah (Polymer).
Waqtiga boostada: Noofambar-24-2025